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Archive for the ‘Postpartum Depression’ Category

Current information about depression is not always easy to find. Fortunately, this report contains the latest information of depression are not available.

We hope that the information presented so far have been applied. You should also consider the following:

Postpartum depression is a depression, the mother experiences immediately after s?ndi. It is heavier and longer than ‘ baby blues ‘ ‘. Postpartum depression occurs in childbearing women of around 10 percent.

Depression can be so sad, blue, miserable, unhappy or later in a landfill. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for a short time. But true clinical depression is a mood disorder that affects the feelings of sadness, loss, anger or frustration with everyday for a long time. Depression can be mild, moderate or high. The degree of depression, your doctor may determine influences how you are treated.

About 10-20 percent of the symptoms of depression after the birth of the child. -Anxiety, irritability, insomnia, feelings of guilt, difficulty concentrating, crying easily or persistent sadness these symptoms are persistent and have the “baby blues stepped up” a. Antepartum and symptoms onset is usually in the first six weeks. These symptoms may be a year or more, although three minutes on average six months ago. Hormones are also thought to possess this type of postpartum depression, but his family and the role of the patient’s depression and negative events are also risk factors in business life. Postpartum depression is also in accordance with antidepressantide and after birth, severe depression, requiring treatment in a single form. Sometimes it is said that postpartum depression (PPD) for 4 weeks after birth, but sometimes days or even months after birth. DPP may feel similar to that of the woman’s Baby Blues-sadness, Roma in the labour market, anxiety, irritability — but it feels much stronger than with baby blue. They often keep the PPD should be performed every day. If the function is the ability to have been the woman, it sure will be a sign that they are treated.

Postpartum psychosis, which is much more serious and dangerous substances in postpartum depression are extremely rare, affecting only around three women very rarely-depressive symptoms in front of 1000 for 1 or 2 of 1000 women in the past the normal acute psychosis. Most of the psychoses displayed within two weeks after birth and disappear within two months, but may take more time. In general, the first since the birth of a couple of weeks after the symptoms of postpartum psychosis are present. In some cases, the delivery time can be a small thyroid levels, which can also be the cause of depression.

As with PMS, mental illness, which, after the birth of a very few, and if different from the depression and psychosis, arise at different times. In addition to the dramatic changes in hormones, occurs after birth can affect the lives of stressful events, marital problems, fear of the parent role, expectations too great, maternity and the lack of social support, if a woman moves forward on the blue clinical depression.

Confinement of mental, initially as a group of diseases that are associated with pregnancy, confinement and diagnosis are different from other types of designed by mental illness. The latest data suggest the illness after birth practically not psychiatric disorders that occur at other times, the term woman.

Take time, and consider the above points. What you learn will help you to overcome your concerns.

Imagine the next time you join a discussion about postpartum depression when you start sharing the facts bottom of postpartum depressed. Your friend will really surprise.

If you find yourself confused by what you read empty at this point there is no despair. When you’re finished, everything must be open.

Postpartum depression that occurred during pregnancy or within one year after delivery, called postpartum depression. The exact number of women with depression during this period is unknown. But researchers believe that depression is one of the most common complications during and after pregnancy. Depression often goes untreated, the Ad and because a few changes of normal pregnancy symptoms occur simultaneously. Fatigue, sleep disturbances, serious emotional reactions and changes in body weight can occur during pregnancy and after the pregnancy. However, these symptoms may also be symptoms of depression.

Many women experience mood swings after birth size varies from short, mild baby blues for clinical long-term, deep depression known as postpartum depression. Feelings of sadness and depression after childbirth is that many people can be found together. It is important for young mothers and lovers of them – the symptoms of postpartum depression to understand and come to their family, friends and health professionals.

Symptoms:

Physical symptoms such as frequent headaches, chest pain, palpitations, numbness, tremor, dizziness, short breath and light shows fear. Anxiety disorder is a condition that birth is different from poporodowa, but the two together often.

A woman has postpartum psychosis may feel cut off from her baby. can see and hear you, and it does not exist. Every woman has postpartum depression can have a glimpse of thoughts of suicide or harm to his son. But a woman with postpartum psychosis can feel as if they had to act on these thoughts.

The reasons for

Postpartum depression is caused by hormonal changes and may in the families. With severe premenstrual syndrome, women are more likely to suffer from postpartum depression.

May be several reasons why a woman becomes depressed. Chemical changes in the brain, which caused the fall can be hormonal changes or stressful life event, such as a death in the family. Depression is a disease that runs in families. Other times, we do not know what causes depression.

Experts agree that there is no reason but a combination of hormonal factors, biochemical, genetic, environmental, and psychological. Genetics may play the largest role in the post-partum depression, as the largest risk factor for PPD is a personal history of depression.

If you are sleep deprived and overwhelmed, you may find difficult to handle minor problems. You can use your ability to care for a newborn to worry about. Feels less attractive or struggle with a sense of identity. You may think that you have lost control of your life. All these factors can contribute to depression.

Treatment

Postpartum depression can be treated in different ways. Support groups can help you. Some women go to therapy and counselling with psychiatrist. Professional misconduct of the risks and benefits of medicines in the women’s talk.

Always consult a psychiatrist or other mental health, whether depressive symptoms persist or worsen, if the mother feels or wants to hurt or feel or express fear, to the detriment of the child, or if it is suspicious or unusual situation begins to act strangely.

While attempting a bad mood and stress and conflict, plague, to avoid potential subsequent depression help before birth. Be careful if a doctor did not take serious symptoms, get a second opinion.

Sometimes it’s hard to sort all details on the subject, but I am sure that you would have my DocumentsMy no problem on the importance of the above information.

Postpartum depression can make you feel restless, anxious, tired and worthless. Some new mothers take care of themselves or hurt their children. Unlike the “baby blues, postpartum depression will not disappear so quickly. Very rarely develop new mothers something even more serious. You can stop to eat, sleep and be crazy or paranoid. Women have to be hospitalized with the disease in general.

The birth of a child can trigger a jumble of thrills, excitement and joy to fear and anxiety. Depression – but it can also be something that we do not expect to lead. Suffering from depression after the birth is not a character flaw or weakness. Sometimes it is only part of the birth. If you are depressed, prompt treatment can help you, your symptoms -. And enjoy your baby

Depression can be as sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, depressed or described. Most of us feel so at one time or another for short periods. But true clinical depression is a mood disorder that make use of feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or disappointment about the daily life over a longer period of time. Depression can be mild, moderate or severe. The degree of depression affected, your doctor can determine how you are treated.

Physical changes after childbirth, a dramatic drop in estrogen and progesterone may trigger depression. The thyroid gland produces hormones may drop sharply – which can leave a feeling of tiredness, weakness and depression. Changes in blood volume, blood pressure, immune system and metabolism can lead to mood swings and fatigue.

It is important to understand the difference between the normal emotional development of postpartum and those who know a need for additional support signal. It’s not just what you feel, that indicates that something is wrong, but the frequency, intensity and duration of these feelings. In other words, many new mothers feel sad and scared at regular intervals during the first months after childbirth. But if you cry every day for several days, or panic attacks, ask your doctor or midwife.

Postpartum depression is caused by hormonal changes and may in the families. Women with severe premenstrual syndrome are more likely to suffer from postpartum depression. Mild to moderate depression, either by birth or otherwise, may be with medication or psychotherapy or treatment of the two, particularly for women with severe cases a combination. Women who have postpartum depression love their children, but believes that they are not in a good position to be mothers.

Postpartum depression can begin at any time during the first three months after birth. It can seriously threaten both the woman and her baby. Since the mother is very ill, they may not be able to care for their baby than they would if it was good. The disease can be difficult for mothers to breastfeed or bond with her baby. For these reasons, postpartum depression is a threat to the newborn.

During the postpartum period, 85% of women suffer from some types of affective disorders. For most women the symptoms are transient and relatively mild (ie, after the birth of Blues) 10-15, but% of women suffer from more disabling and persistent form of mood disorders (eg, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis).

Postpartum psychiatric illness was initially designed as a group of diseases, pregnancy and birth that you designed and was therefore considered as a separate diagnosis of other psychiatric disorders. Recent data suggest that postpartum mental illness hardly of psychiatric disorders that occur at other times in the life of a woman.

Raffelock

Dean, DC, L. Ac, NCC, DACBN, DIBAK

Hyla Cass, MD

Postpartum depression (PPD), postpartum anxiety (PPP) have become a national epidemic in the United States, key 15% -20% of all new mothers, about 600000-800000 women each year. (1) It is estimated that more than 30 million Americans are on antidepressants or anti-anxiety medication. (2) The majority of these 30 million women who have one or more children. The chances of suffering from PPD increases with each additional child. (3)

The most common medical treatment for postpartum depression is SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) antidepressants. Anxiety disorder is usually born by the family of benzodiazepines such as Valium, Ativan, Xanax, Klonopin and treated. Reuptake inhibitor combination for serotonin and norepinephrine (SNRIs) are also commonly used in postpartum depression. In the case of postpartum psychosis, antipsychotics are used and are immediately necessary. Many women are now given samples of SSRIs, as they leave the maternity ward. Most medical sources believe that PPD is caused by an imbalance of brain chemistry and pharmaceutical intervention is the treatment of choice. Even if a certain percentage of women with PPD need help pharmaceutical, are much less likely than is actually received. Recent meta-studies show it’s true. Although it is clear that some women with PPD need and benefit of pharmaceutical intervention, it is our experience that an integrated approach works best.

1:postpartum anxiety disorder is mainly The most common symptoms of postpartum depression are treated. Persistent feelings of hopelessness and / or anxiety;
2 Energy loss and daily functioning;
3 Sleep disorders and nutrition;
4 Inability to concentrate, concentrate or make decisions;
5 Feelings of worthlessness, shame and guilt;
6 Feelings of indifference and / or resentment towards the baby,
7 Intrusive negative thoughts and / or obsessive concern in the most serious cases, including thoughts of harming yourself or the child;
8 Reduced sex drive;
9 Loss of joy and gratitude for life,
10 Irritability or excessive anger.

The literature generally describes

several types of postpartum disorders, the specific characteristics of the typical symptoms of depression. These include:

1. postpartum anxiety disorder (PPP) . Here are the main symptoms of excessive anxiety, hyper-vigilance, thoughts raced, and in some cases downright panic. Panic attacks are especially disturbing patients often believe as shortness of breath, dizziness and chest beating experience they died.

2 postpartum obsessive -compulsive disorder. Most often this occurs in the form of obsessive thoughts or concerns about the baby and may be accompanied to wash constantly to protect the baby from germs, etc. The common way more disturbing obsessions with compulsive behaviors such as checking and when the baby is breathing are those in which the mother wants her child to harm in any way. These thoughts are unwanted, intrusive and frightening for the mother. It is important to note that, will not, except in rare cases of psychosis (see below), these thoughts are accompanied by actions. However, the mother of his own thoughts that it avoids the baby and it is therefore not to be afraid. It is terribly difficult for young mothers to admit to such thoughts, so many suffer from isolation.

3 post-traumatic stress disorder . PTSD can occur in response to a delivery, real or supposed injury or because of unresolved past trauma, sometimes initiated a sexual nature during birth. A woman who PTSD can recurrent memories, dreams or flashbacks of traumatic birth labor market experiences. It is frightened and suffering hyper-vigilance, and probably of insomnia, irritability, impaired concentration, and apathy. Women who have experienced a particularly traumatic birth, often display symptoms of PTSD and PPD both.

4 postpartum psychosis . This is the most extreme and rarest of all postpartum disorders. If this happens, the mother loses touch with reality and disorientation symptoms may include extreme (eg, not knowing who she is), paranoid or delusional thinking and auditory and visual hallucinations. The few tragic cases in which parents have harmed their children, while in a psychotic state received significant media attention. Consequently, many people wrongly associate with PPD symptoms of psychotic and dangerous behavior. This is another reason why women do not get to help, they want to avoid stigmatizing labeled with such a disorder.

Articles premise was entirely on strengthening the new mother after the birth of food reserves, largely ignored and must be an integral part of the treatment of postpartum depression

are Foundations nutritional approach to PPD
The human body is composed entirely of nutrients. All the muscles, organs, glands, bones, cells, and the liquid completely of nutrients from (despite the environmental toxins). All neurotransmitters, hormones, metabolism and biochemical structures are formed from nutrients.

No other normal physiological process more nutrients and drains the body of a woman consumed after birth the process of pregnancy, birth and caring for a newborn, which may include nursing. The fact that the body is the mother all the nutrients needed by the body of her baby is too often overlooked when it comes to medical treatment of PPD to form. Not only is the placenta literally steal the body of the mother of all essential nutrients needed by the body of a baby to make the placenta, but is itself made up of nutrients from the mother’s body away. This is the main reason why many women nutritional be drained and the syndrome of nutrient depletion can lead to severe post-natal depression and anxiety lead calving.

Other factors that help to drain inventories, are a new mother’s blood loss during delivery, lack of sleep, breastfeeding, back to work early, and the vast amounts of additional energy is needed for a newborn, intensive care needs . If a pregnant woman or young mother nutrient reserves is too low, it is much more vulnerable to PPD and PPP, which is to experience all the normal body metabolic processes depend entirely on nutrients. The preponderance of extremely poor quality drug prenatal vitamins in addition to the known trend nutrient depletion.

Rarely is the question that the production of neurotransmitters in the body is completely dependent on food from their predecessors. (4) the causes of these deficiencies precursors are discussed. In addition, the interaction between hormones and neurotransmitters often by most physicians as if the treatment for PPD, PPP. The nutritional needs of mitochondrial function, the importance of liver function in Western and Eastern perspectives, and some nutrients such as fish oils rich in Omega 3, PharmaGABA, L-theanine, same, inositol, magnesium, and St. John’s Wort herb can also help a lot in the treatment of to PPD and PPA. These will be briefly discussed.

An integrated approach to the treatment of PPD can nutritional therapy, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, moderate exercise, diet nutrients include adequate rest, emotional / support, stress reduction techniques, the elimination of caffeine, alcohol and other drugs, and when

necessary, pharmaceutical intervention.

neurotransmitter precursors diet

serotonin and tryptophan

The amino acid L-tryptophan is necessary for the body to produce serotonin. Eighty percent of serotonin in the human body is produced in the gastrointestinal tract. About five percent is produced in the brain. Serotonin produced in the gut is not available for the brain, because serotonin can not cross the blood-brain barrier. L-tryptophan does not pass easily through the blood-brain barrier and requires a carrier protein for the ferry in the brain. penetrate the consumption of sugar changes in the brain neurons selective simple cell membrane amino acid tryptophan in the brain can. Therefore, the desire for sweets often a sign of lack of serotonin.

Serotonin, the mood lifting brain chemicals and sedatives have been called. insufficient levels of serotonin include depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability and weight gain associated. Serotonin mediates depression usually includes an element of concern. Serotonin is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Its functions are:

- inhibition of glutamate on the excitability of different regions of the CNS
boosting their GABA receptors on GABA neurons invitation to his />

A comparison of the effects of optimal concentration of serotonin at low levels of serotonin results in the following contrasts:

1) calm Polling optimistic Depressive

2)Concerned

3)  irritable nature

4)Impatient Patient

5) Reflective / thoughtful Impulsive/Reactive

6) unfair Loving / maintenance
7) in a position to focus attention on shortCreative Range / blocked remind concentrated / distributed

9), moderate intake of carbohydratesBring excessive carbohydrate

10) to sleep and dream – -

tryptophan is its transformed metabolite, 5 – hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP), which is then converted into serotonin. Niacin, iron and folic acid for L-tryptophan in 5-HTP to be converted. The agency also requires pyridoxal 5-phosphate 5-HTP to produce serotonin. Magnesium and riboflavin (B2) are required for the conversion of pyridoxine (B6) Pyridoxal-5-phosphate. Deficiencies in these nutrients limit the production of serotonin. Many double blind studies have shown 5-HTP to be as effective as antidepressants with fewer side effects and mild and usually better tolerated. (5-11)

By Martin Hintz, MD Neuro-search

A number of important factors leading to low L-tryptophan in many people, especially women after birth, their bodies to proteins necessary to provide a different form of human body, including high concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. The ratio of L-tryptophan to other amino acids in most foods is very low.

An overabundance of cortisol, the hormone of the adrenal glands (a common phenomenon in the states of psychological and physiological stress) affects the production of serotonin and sensitivity in four different ways:

1st Excess cortisol significantly reduced the number of serotonin (5-HT1A) receptors. (12)
2 Excess cortisol suppresses serotonin receptor. (13, 14)
3 Excess cortisol increases serotonin reuptake inhibitors. (15)
4 Excess cortisol causes tryptophan oxygenase (A) in the metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine, so that less tryptophan to serotonin. (15:16)

If cortisol levels are too low in the amygdala, serotonin no longer an inhibiting effect on the glutamatergic activity, suggesting that cortisol plays an important role in maintaining the serotonin-mediated modulation. (16,17) This may be another factor to insomnia in the

PPD. Added

grounds that the deficiencies of serotonin are becoming more common and contribute to PPD is an overabundance of stress catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine is also due to exhaustion monoamine inhibitory neurotransmitter serotonin, these three excitatory neurotransmitter monoamine balance. The more stress the individual over the body increases production of catecholamines in an attempt to address this limitation. This requires a postpartum body produce more serotonin -. If deficiencies can interfere in the precursors of nutrients to the production

With 5-HTP as a precursor of serotonin diet has significant advantages over tryptophan. 5-HTP easily runs directly through the blood-brain barrier without a carrier protein, allowing easier conversion of serotonin in the brain. The sublingual form of 5-HTP faster. The dosage ranges from 25 mg to 300 mg per day or more.

A deficiency of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), which is necessary for the synthesis of serotonin, often found in premenopausal patients with depression. (18) Replacement for B6 deficiency is an important aspect of the treatment of PPD, which can increase production of serotonin in the brain. (19) The use of the metabolite of vitamin B6, pyridoxal-5-phosphate is proposed instead of B6, especially when magnesium and / or riboflavin deficiencies are suspected or confirmed. There is some controversy whether it is better, the 5-HTP and pyridoxal 5-phosphate together or take them separately, the observance of a waiting period of two hours. Our clinical experience shows that it is beautiful, completed in common. Many products are available, including a combination of 5-HTP-5-P and P.

Controversy exists about the concomitant use of SSRIs and serotonin precursors diet. Pharmaceutical companies seem about the unrelenting and often avoid talking about the possibility of serotonin syndrome, a dangerous situation in general, improved by the combination of serotonin drugs, particularly MAO inhibitors, medicines, herbs, nutrition, or precursors, which also activity of serotonin. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include nausea, headache, restlessness, sweating, high blood pressure, tachycardia and hyperthermia, which can go over 104 F. This is a remote possibility as the best option, if only with the 5-HTP 5-HTP in combination with an SSRI drug. (20)

SSRIs seem not only to serotonin in the neuron synapses by more reuptake inhibition to keep, but also the nutritional precursor of serotonin by pulling the vesicle storage and recovery ports. In fact, in our clinical experience that many women with PPD better when 5-HTP and P-5-P and their SSRI that SSRIs alone. Precursor of serotonin deficiencies may the reason why SSRIs do not work for some work and then stop working for others, and why it is not uncommon for women with PPD have prescribed two or more SSRIs differently over time. SSRIs do not give a net increase of serotonin, they need enough serotonin available to have enough reabsorption.

Dr. Dean-table Raffelock catacholamine

raise catecholamines are primarily under tension and mood, if produced at a reasonable level. Synthesis of catecholamines occurs in the CNS, adrenal medulla and peripheral sympathetic neurons. Norepinephrine and dopamine act primarily as a neurotransmitter in the CNS. Adrenaline acts mainly as adrenal hormone to mobilize energy.

catecholamines affect most organ systems. If levels are too high, they are catabolic and can cause the body metabolizing own nerves, muscles and bones. Low can lead to depression, fatigue and weight gain.

Dopamine: Dopamine is a catecholamine precursor for norepinephrine and both the CNS and adrenal medulla found. Its functions include motor skills and posture, cognitive function (attention, concentration, working memory and problem solving), and the feeling of joy. Dopamine can act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter or excitatory response to an incoming afferent signals.

norepinephrine (noradrenaline): CNS agent norepinephrine regulation of mood, drive, ambition, learning and memory, attention, alertness and concentration. Clinically there is often an inverse relationship between norepinephrine (excitatory) and serotonin (inhibitory). When serotonin is low, highly-regulated by norepinephrine, the “fight or flight” reaction to fear and / or panic attacks. Overexpression of CNS norepinephrine is clinically associated with anxiety, aggressiveness, irritability, mania or bipolar disorder is, immunosuppression and hypertension “with lower norepinephrine atypical depression with symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness, hyperphagia, lethargy and apathy br. > (21:22)

epinephrine (adrenaline). Synthesis of norepinephrine in the adrenaline is epinephrine by methylation
Hans Selye (1974) described three phases s “general syndrome turns Coping with Stress (23):

Phase I: Alarm Reaction: adrenaline high / high Cortisol

Phase II

resistance: Cortisol high / low DHEA, adrenaline variable

Phase III

: fatigue: the exhaustion of cortisol, adrenaline and exhaustion
adrenal DHEA is an important factor in depression associated with chronic stress or severe

Many women with PPD require pharmaceutical and / or food. functional gaps, the addresses in both serotonin and catecholamines nutrition therapy for the balance of catecholamines include:

§ DL-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine, the precursor of the amino acids of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. DL-phenylalanine also increases endorphins, the mood is. PP by many women-diagnosed bipolar disorder well to treatment using high doses for DL-Phenylalanine (26) and precursors react Serotonin and high intake (6g day) Omega-3 Fish Oil how (27).

§ L-cysteine, iron, sulfur and folic acid necessary for the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dopa.

§ pyridoxal 5-phosphate required for the conversion of L-dopa into dopamine. Copper and vitamin C are necessary for the conversion of norepinephrine to dopamine. Pridoxal-5-phosphate, B12 and folic acid are required to convert norepinephrine to epinephrine.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

GABA is the neurotransmitter most important and widespread inhibitory brain. Low GABA are particularly important because if anxiety and insomnia are the display symptoms of PPD / PPP. Contain GABA look is essential for the. Balance of excitatory neurotransmitters and hormones such as cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and too much excitement without sufficient GABA inhibition can result in (28)
Insomnia – Agitation

Employment

GABA clinically to relax, rest and sleep -> Irritability
anxiety – panic attacks
. Where are the glutamate receptors (potent excitatory neurons), GABA receptors are in the vicinity. GABA only the most important excitatory signals through and attenuates signals or foreign passport excitement when GABA levels are properly permitted.

benzodiazepines (Valium, Klonopin, Zanax, Ativan, etc.) and pharmaceuticals and sleep like Ambien Sonata work on GABA receptors, and that moderate alcohol consumption. L-theanine, Lactium (milk peptides), L-glutamine, taurine and bio-identical progesterone can act as nutraceuticals and hormone agonists GABA. The drug is a GABA reuptake inhibitor Gabatril is valerian extract. A new product called nutraceutical PharmaGABA seems to be a more effective results than

synthetic GABA.

‘s point of view of Chinese medicine, serotonin and GABA would be yin (relaxing, harmonizing, cooling, soothing, moisturizing, anti) and catecholamines Yang (power, mobilization, global, excitatory and drying). In Eastern and Western perspectives, it is important to keep these opposing groups of chemicals in the brain, balance, balance. A woman with PPD, which now has more energy, can not sleep is just as unhappy as a woman can sleep now, but still slower than before treatment.

neurotransmitter balance is the key. Balancing neurotransmitters and hormones is clinically effective.

hormone-neurotransmitter interactions

The relationship between neurotransmitters and hormones PPD is often overlooked. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are necessary to the production of hypothalamic releasing hormones, which allows the pituitary gland to convey the proper implementation of the hormonal orchestra. The hypothalamus is a key element of the center of the brain, the “emotional brain”, it is little wonder why the imbalances in the neurotransmitters and hormones can affect the emotional states.

thyroid hormone . Catecholamines and thyroid hormones are closely involved in many of its functions. L-tyrosine with iodine, is the precursor of thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones T 3 and T-4. Depression without anxiety, with predominant symptoms of fatigue and difficulty of successive positive thoughts is most often associated with low adrenal (29) and / or thyroid function (30-32) and is generally associated with poorly to SSRIs or serotonin precursor nutritional therapy.

It is known that low thyroid function can cause depression and physiological fatigue. Give T3 induced an increase in serotonin, and in animals with hypothyroidism, the synthesis of serotonin is reduced. (33) T3 seems to desensitize presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors. (34) Conversely, the observed diurnal TSH peak in circadian physiology, serotonin dependent. (35)

thyroid function and serotonin are dependent on each other, both clinically and biochemically. Optimal thyroid function depends on the optimal concentration of serotonin. the optimal balance of serotonin is dependent on the thyroid function optimally. increased TSH stimulation is dependent on sufficient increases hypothalamic serotonin TRH, the TSH (36). Suppressed TSH can now be more adequately represented low serotonin states that a true assessment of thyroid function properly. Thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3). Increases and accelerates the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine + T3 are better autoreceptor desensitization of hypothalamic 5-HT than either alone (37-39)

estrogen. An increasing number of points of evidence for the importance of estrogen on serotonergic function (40). Estrogen inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. increases (41,42) estrogen treatment is shown to increase selective serotonin (5-HT1A-mediated) responses in the hippocampus (43,44) estrogen, the activity of the firing of 5-HT (serotonin) neurons in male and female rats. (45,46) In brief, estrogen seems to SSRI nature.

Currently there is considerable controversy about estrogen. The HERS and WHI studies have stirred controversy, without the distinction between bio-identical estrogen and pharmaceutically changed, nor that any distinction between progesterone and progestins. The doctor is encouraged to be knowledgeable in this area in terms of risks and benefits of HRT. Many women with PPD may benefit from low-dose estrogen bio-the same as if indicated and potential benefits outweigh the risks

progesterone . bioidentical progesterone acts anti-depressant/anti-anxiety known during pregnancy. The placenta produces large amounts of progesterone, which increases blood many times the levels before pregnancy. Post-partum, has suddenly disappeared on this diet, with its calming effect on the nervous system of the mother.
allopregnanolone is synthesized by the reduction of progesterone by the enzyme 5-reductase and 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HSD). allopregnanolone is one of the strongest known modulators of GABA receptors. (47,48) allopregnanolone behavioral and biochemical properties is similar to ethanol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines. can (49,50)

Bio-identical progesterone

very useful for women with PPD and anxiety. With insomnia PharmaGABA and bio-identical progesterone is also often very useful to relieve symptoms of anxiety and sleep disorders

DHEA . DHEA increases the activity of serotonin neurons (51). DHEA also increases dopamine and norepinephrine on the synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA (52). Sun DHEA may be useful in some forms of PPD. DHEA also inhibits GABA and an antagonist of GABA (53). Clinically, the use of DHEA causes of insomnia and irritability, the more likely the patient is deficient GABA, which before you must continue to be addressed supplement DHEA

testosterone : .. the increase in serotonergic neuronal firing in the raphe region, the growing mood (54)

mitochondrial function

Metametrix Lab ion group Booklet

inefficient mitochondrial function may limit ATP production, less energy and contributes to depression or physiological cause. is used over 90% of the oxygen consumption of the power cell mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondria, a large number of electrons transferred in order to produce energy. Dysfunction